The Institution of Marriage in Oscar Wilde’s “The Importance of Being Earnest” and Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles” - Literature Essay Samples

Oscar Wilde vigorously attacks the institution of heterosexual marriage in his play â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† by employing light comedy in order to portray characters that are shallow, immature, and oblivious about the commitment into which they are about to enter. Marriage is also harshly critiqued in Susan Glaspell’s play â€Å"Trifles,† a play that explores the hardships that women must face within the institution of marriage and the tragedy that befalls one woman pushed past her breaking point. Both plays are harshly critical of the institution of marriage, one through light satirical comedy and the other through a tragic story about a failed marriage. However, the somber impact of the more realistic story within â€Å"Trifles† provides a more harsh understanding of the institution of marriage than does the comedy, which its audience can easily laugh off. In Wilde’s â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† the characters treat marriage as something frivolous. What they do treat as important are esoteric social norms, connotations of names, and trivial details. Cecily and Gwendolyn only want to marry Algernon and Jack because they believe that their names are Ernest. As Gwendolyn says to Jack early in the play, â€Å"†¦My ideal has always been to love some one of the name of Ernest. There is something in that name that inspires absolute confidence. The moment Algernon first mentioned to me that he had a friend called Ernest, I knew I was destined to love you† (10). In another part of the play, Cecily meets Algernon for the first time and believes he is Jack’s brother Ernest. She confesses her love for him and tells him all about how they’ve been engaged; she bought a ring for herself in his name, and wrote herself love letters pretending they were from him (32). The women base their love entirely on the belief that the men are named Ernest, which reveals their naivety regarding ma rriage. The frivolity with which these women fall in love suggests that relationships, too, are frivolous.Jack and Algernon diminish the institution of marriage in another way. During an early conversation about marriage proposals, Algernon says: â€Å"I really don’t see anything romantic in proposing. It is very romantic to be in love. But there is nothing romantic about a definite proposal. Why, one may be accepted. One usually is I believe. Then the excitement is all over. The very essence of romance is uncertainty. If I ever get married, I’ll certainly try to forget the fact† (3). This dialogue indicates that Algernon believes commitment is something that ruins romance and perhaps, by extension, love – hardly a resounding endorsement of marriage.Lady Bracknell’s idea of marriage is equally cynical. When Gwendolyn and Jack tell her they are engaged, Lady Bracknell tells Gwendolyn that â€Å"An engagement should come to a young girl as a surpris e, pleasant or unpleasant as the case may be. It is hardly a matter that she should be allowed to arrange for herself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (12). She then interrogates Jack about his upbringing, property, and family to learn whether he is suitable for her daughter and society. Lady Bracknell does not see love in marriage; rather, marriage is an institution that must sustain wealth and social class. Although Wilde’s play offers a very negative view of the institution of marriage, it does so in a lighthearted way. The characters are laughably extreme in their behaviors, and so Wilde’s criticism of marriage can be laughed off. Susan Glaspell’s play â€Å"Trifles† takes the opposite approach. Although it is not primarily about marriage, it does deal with the negative effects of marriage on women. The play is a tragic story about how Mrs. Wright may have murdered her husband. The emotional impact of the play forces its audience to take its subject matter seriously. Un like â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest,† â€Å"Trifles† isn’t directly about marriage – the topic of marriage is subtly hinted at by devices in the dialogue and setting rather than overtly flaunted by the characters’ mannerisms. The audience learns about Mrs. Wright as they see Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale going through her house, recognize the symbolism of Mrs. Wright’s things, and hear the comments the men make to the women in the play. When the party first arrives at the house, the pans under the sink are unwashed, there’s a loaf of bread sitting out, and things around the house are unfinished. The disorder of Mrs. Wright’s housework seems to indicate disorder in her life. When Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters are looking at her quilt Mrs. Hale observes, â€Å"Here, this is the one she was working on, and look at the sewing! All the rest of it has been so nice and even. And look at this! It’s all over the place! Why, it lo oks as if she didn’t know what she was on about!†(1679). Mrs. Hale starts to pull it out and re-stitch it and then she asks, â€Å"What do you suppose she was so nervous about?† The implication there is that something was happening in that moment when her stitching faltered – maybe that her husband was being verbally abusive or aggressive at that time. Also, the women find a broken birdcage and Mrs. Wright’s dead bird in her sewing basket. The bird’s neck had been wrung, and Mrs. Hale believes that Mr. Wright did it. The bird was beloved by Mrs. Wright – Mrs. Hale deduces that she was going to bury it in the â€Å"pretty box† they found it in (1681). If Mr. Wright did indeed wring the bird’s neck, it could be an indication of abuse. The bird can be considered a symbol of Mrs. Wright herself; indeed, Mrs. Hale refers to her as a â€Å"songbird† early in the play. Mr. Wright’s murder of the bird thus suggests suffocation of Mrs. Wright socially and mentally as well. The bird’s murder motivates Mrs. Wright to kill her husband and confirms that their marriage was a failed one. The dialogue between the women also helps us paint a portrait of the kind of marriage Mr. and Mrs. Wright had, and also of their own understandings of the difficulties of marriage for women in that place and time. Mrs. Hale describes Mr. Wright as having been a â€Å"hard man† (1680) she tells the court attorney that she hasn’t been over Mrs. Wright’s house in a year because it â€Å"never seemed a very cheerful place† and that â€Å"†¦I don’t think a place’d be any cheerfuller for John Wright’s being in it† (1676). She also expresses guilt for not coming over to see Mrs. Wright because it was so un-cheerful in the house. She expresses her empathy for the way Mrs. Wright must have felt: â€Å"I might have known she needed help! I know how things ca n be – for women. I tell you, it’s queer, Mrs. Peters. We live close together and we live far apart. We all go through the same things – it’s all just a different kind of the same thing† (1682). Mrs. Peters expresses similar sentiments when they discover Mrs. Wright’s dead bird. She talks about when her first baby died, and how she â€Å"knows what stillness is† (1682). Through this dialogue, we learn of the serious trials of marriage that women had to endure – the problems are true to life and utterly believable, and the dialogue has a heavy emotional impact. Its somber tone, realistic subject matter, heavy symbolism and believable characters make â€Å"Trifles† a more scathing indictment of marriage than â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest.† The heavy emotional impact left by the former is more likely to leave an audience thinking about the problems in marriage than will a light-hearted comedy about a group of young, petty people who have very naà ¯ve ideas about what marriage should be. â€Å"Trifles† is harsher for another reason – it deals with blunt reality of married life rather than just making fun of the kind of people who get married. Wilde’s frivolous characters might cause one to laugh at marriage, but Glaspell’s force an audience to really consider the institution and its potential costs.

The Ultimate Weapon - 1079 Words

â€Å"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure..† –Movie Coach Carter This quote directly relates to our worlds power over nuclear weapons. The fear in this debate is not that we do not have a weapon strong enough, but we have a weapon that is unrivaled by any other. There is only one thing nuclear weapons have been used for it is the very reason they were created. Because of there killing power it was only natural they were made for war. Nuclear weapons are a too powerful of a weapon for anyone, or any country to have access to. Safety protocols make it impossible for nuclear weapons to be harmful when not fired. Wrong! The problems with nuclear weapons start even before†¦show more content†¦The Nuclear Weapons are not bad. It is the people who use them that are the real evil! The Nuclear weapon is just a tool (Rethinking). This is partly true, but we live in a world where not everyone ha s the same morals. There are corrupt and bad people in powerful positions in the world. To some people firing a nuclear weapon for their personal gain is the easy thing to do. But if the person did not have access to them, then the problem would never arise. But unfortunately there are 9 countries in the world with at least 10 nuclear weapons. This world rarely faces a problem that has the potential to kill off humanity. But Nuclear weapons have this potential. There are currently 17,000, known bombs (How). If for some reason, whether if it were WW3 or something else, if the world fired all these off strategically at big cities, easily over half of the world’s population would be killed off almost instantly. And the pandemonium wouldn’t stop there. Governments would collapse and without rule the survivors would soon be on their own. The spread of soot would be so drastic it would change climates, and drastically speed up global warming (Jha). 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The only country to use nuclear weapons was the United States of America. The US dropped two atomic nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and NagasakiRead MoreVirtual Reality: Computer Generated Simulation1029 Words   |  5 PagesVirtual reality has existed in many forms since the late 1960s. The concept of virtual reality started with Ivan Sutherland and his ultimate display in 1965. The ultimate display was a paper Sutherland wrote before the development of the personal desktop regarding the combination of computers to the design, construction, navigation and habitation of virtual worlds. The ultimate display would, of course, be a room within which the computer can control the existence of matter...With appropriate programmingRead MoreGuns, Germs And Steel By Jared Diamond1402 Words   |  6 Pagesand why they are mor e powerful. Instead of proximate causes that get straight to the point, he takes a different route that leads to ultimate causes. 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Communicating value Example

Essays on Communicating value Article Running Head: Communicating Value Communicating Value Inserts His/her Communicating Value The dynamics of marketing have changed greatly after the introduction of internet and other high tech communication technologies. Conventional marketing techniques are being replaced by a personalized approach as companies try to speak to consumers personally. The plethora of information available to consumers is making them more aware of the products and services offered by different companies. Internet has made consumers stronger and this is why companies have to develop a personalized approach in their marketing. Online forums and Facebook groups have already allowed consumers to voice their opinions (or concerns). Also study suggests that a significantly large number of broadband users had their purchase decision influenced by an online source (Riegner, 2007). This means a lot for marketers as now they have to use more resources to cater to the individualized needs of the people. Individual marketing mix is now based on information that previous didn’t existed. A person can go read a review and that review may influence his or her purchase decision. Now for marketers this is something new and they have to adapt to this going trend. Companies have to start internet campaigns and should attempt to establish a relationship with the consumers. Imagine product managers or brand manager of a brand answering queries of consumers personally†¦ This is the approach that is required in today’s world of interactive media called the internet. Product development will also change forever because consumer insight is so easy to access. This gives an added advantage to managers as now they can develop products that are better suited for consumers. It is easy and quick to know what consumers want and change the product accordingly. This has changed the product development process. Mass advertisement, on a large scale, is not needed in today’s era because different consumers have different needs. Companies cannot rely on mass advertisements now a day because they are too general. Specificity is required because of vast difference in individual marketing mix variables. Commercial implications of this new marketing strategy are costly because internet advertisement is not cheap. Also interactive forums should be established and managed and this will take time as well as resources. Companies cannot just end its mass advertisement marketing strategy because not all consumers are using internet today. Firms will have to carefully allocate resources to both mass advertisements and interactive marketing in order to gain maximum advantage. Mass advertisement is still needed because one on one marketing strategies are expensive to a great extent. People are also getting bored of conventional advertisement like emails and telemarketing (Nunes Merrihue, 2007).There exist a market that is not responding to such advertisement appeals and for them mass advertisement is required. One technique is to use places that people visit often and cannot avoid at all. Mass advertisements should be used to communicate to ‘busy’ consumers. Word of mouth information should be used to market alongside with mass advertisement in order to achieve the best results. Broadband is being used by many consumers but not all of them can be targeted using personalized approach. For different consumers different marketing techniques will be required. References Nunes Merrihue. (2007). Continuing Power of Mass Advertising. MIT Sloan Management Review   Riegner, Cate. (2007). Word of Mouth on the Web: The Impact of Web 2.0 on Consumer Purchase Decisions. Journal of Advertising Research, 47, 436-447

Free Agents Versus Structure for Structuration -myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theFree Agents Versus Structurefor Structuration Theory. Answer: Introduction If human motivations were constant and universal, and if the opportunity structure were entirely a product of human interaction, then all variation in human action would be determined by social structures(Powell, 2014). The relationship between a society and individual is a twisted one. Individuals are what together make the society and the society in turn is what shapes the individuals. There have been a number of debates and theories as to whether human beings are autonomous individual bodies, making one's own laws and exhibiting their own free will, or whether it is the society that gives individuals a personality, a way of life, structure. However, the fact that a society is what is actually made up of individual personalities is what brings the twist. It is like a never ending loop. Many sociologists have put forth their point of views, explaining why they think whether the case is the former or the latter. Different Views As mentioned above, there have been a number of debates and discussions and writers penning down their personal thoughts as to why their theories are better or more correct. Over the years, both sociologists and anthropologists have been captivated by the debate; correspondingly, they have developed a myriad of theoretical perspectives which seek to address these concerns(Mellinger, 2012). Most discussions can be divided into 3 categories, the one that show structure to be more dominant, the others that feel that it is the free will of individuals that collectively shapes the society and the third that conclude that both the agency and structure are by products of each other set in a continuous loop. Below are a few of the most famous personalities who have been pioneers in their fields and have done their fair share of research regarding this debate. Pierre Bordeaux- One of the most famous theories given by the very famous Bordeaux was that of habitus. He explains in his book called the Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste the relationship between an individual and society. He compares it almost to a set up where an individual is an agent who is set up in a field where the society acts as what would define the individual depending upon his actions. He believes that the more an agent comprehends his or her role in the society or "field", the more he becomes accustomed to certain relationships as well as expectations. These later on take the shape of an individual's personality and become his habits, thus using the word habitus. Instead of saying it one way or the other, Pierre actually came to the conclusion of discovering a new found relationship between an individual and the society. Berger and Luckmann- Berger and Luckmann were other famous personalities, who were of the opinion that the relationship between the society and an individual is dialectic, inter dependent and a continuous, never ending loop. They coined the phrase social construction of reality and explain it as a theory which says that a human beings social interaction with other human as well as his life experience are what form the basis of how the individual presents himself or herself to the society. Anthony Giddens- Anthony is another sociologist who has moved away from the debate of agency versus structure. He believes that structure is in fact a medium as well as an outcome. He believes that society and agents are two separate entities that happen to be mutually constitutive of one another. Anthony developed the structuration theory which acknowledges the interaction of meaning, standards and values, and power and posits a dynamic relationship between these different facets of society(Gibbs, 2017). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is quite clear that the debate between agency and structure is a complex study in addition to being a very demanding tour of different theoretical perspectives on organizations(Luckman, 2008). It is a complicated study. What is real depends on how individuals perceive as and how it gets perceived collectively by a society. While some people have been of the opinion that society is more dominant in shaping the nature, habits and personalities of individuals and society is what renders the lives of human beings with structure, others oppose this theory. Many people have been firm believers of the fact that human beings are autonomous and free agents. It is the human beings that collectively form the society and not the other way round. Therefore, it can be concluded that social relationships are densely intertwined with reasons, emotion, commitments, beliefs, and attitudes -- the aspects of consciousness that make up agency and action(Little, 2011). References Gibbs, B. J. (2017, july Beverley J. Gibbs). Structuration theory. Retrieved september 23, 2017, from ENCYCLOPDIA BRITANNICA: https://www.britannica.com/topic/structuration-theory Hamson, N. (2015, april 2). Fredrik Barth: An intellectual biography. Retrieved september 20, 2017, from The Pluto Press Blog Independent, radical publishing: https://plutopress.wordpress.com/2015/04/01/fredrik-barth-an-intellectual-biography/ Little, D. (2011, march 19). New ideas about structure and agency. Retrieved september 24, 2017, from Understanding Society: https://understandingsociety.blogspot.in/2011/03/new-ideas-about-structure-and-agency.html Luckman, P. L. (2008). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. The British Journal of Social Work , 823824. Mellinger, W. M. (2012, march 14). Understanding the Structure and the Agency Debate in the Social Sciences. Retrieved september 24, 2017, from Doing Modernity: Using Critical Interactionism to Study Everyday Life: https://doingmodernity.blogspot.in/2012/03/understanding-structure-and-agency.html Powell, C. (2014, march 14). Structure and Agency. Retrieved september 23, 2017, from The Practical Theorist: https://practicaltheorist.wordpress.com/2014/05/24/structure-and-agency/

Russia Essays - Superpowers, Aid, Humanitarian Aid, Poverty, Russia

Russia Tristan Yapuncich Period 3 4/20/00 Position Paper Russia Position Paper: The Plan The main problem in Russia is lack of a non-corrupt government. It is impossible to run any country, poor or rich, crime or no crime, healthcare or no healthcare, economy or no economy, without some sort of government. Russia needs assistance in the form of socialist diplomatic support, advice, and very carefully monitored loans. There is no question of producing a Marshall Plan for Russia of the sort that the United States pioneered after World War II, but Russia needs to make that plan, and the U.S. needs to let Russia know that plan will be supported. Although the conditions in Russia differ significantly from the post-war Europe, this struggling nation needs a similar plan to restore it's economy, government, and human rights. Russia is in a desperate state of despair, suffering from poverty, crime, and disease, and needs aid from the U.S. It is also in the interest of the U.S. to provide this aid, as long as the aid is targeted at areas that would best boost Russia's terrible st atistics, and turn Russia into a successful trading partner. Poverty is a huge problem facing Russia. In a country with such long traditions of statistical manipulation and hostility to the inquiries of the state, it is not easy to pin down the true extent of poverty in Russia. But there is little doubt that the picture is looking increasingly bleak. United Nations figures suggest that the purchasing power of average income in the USSR in 1987 was about $6,000 or 32 per cent of the level of the US (Andrew, POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor). By 1996, it was just $4,531 in adjusted terms, or 17 per cent of the US level (Andrew, POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor). Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been both growing inequality and a jump in absolute poverty. That is up from 11 per cent in 1994 (Andrew, POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor). Faced with such bleak figures, some observers argue that the figures are simply false. There is little doubt that data collection is plagued with difficulties, and there are fierce debates abou t methodology. There are problems that exaggerate, and others which artificially underplay, the true state of Russia's population. But as Tatiana Khokhlova of the Russian European Centre for Economic Policy in Moscow argues: It is very difficult to talk about the absolute level of poverty, but you can analyse the trends. And those trends are distinctly pessimistic. Government figures often show what citizens are entitled to receive rather than what they do receive. In 1997, just 20 per cent of income that Russians were entitled to under federal laws was actually paid (Andrew, POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor). Since then, arrears on the payment of wages and social benefits have increased sharply. Pensions are on average paid with a delay of one month at present, and wages are 2.5 months behind (Andrew, POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor). Equally, there is little doubt that Russians conceal the true extent of their income from official surveys as part of a broader strategy of tax avoidance. A recent World Bank study found that most people admitted to spending twice what they claimed to earn. Other research suggested that undeclared informal income had rocketed in the past few years to an average of 42 per cent of total household earnings (Andrew, POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor). If poverty is a problem, naturally health care, crime, and other issues become concerns. Russia has a declining life expectancy, increasing birth mortality, and increasing crime rate. Russia's population is likely to dip under 146 million by the year 2000 and drop to 141 million by 2010, according to a new government forecast. The report by the State Statistics Committee also projects that Russia's dismally low life expectancy figures won't rise in the decade ahead, Interfax news agency said. Based on the most likely of four demographic estimates compiled by the committee, the average life span in 2005 will be 65 years -- the same as in 1996 (Andrew, POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor). Russia's population, which has been in decline since

Barn Burning essays

Barn Burning essays Colonel Sartoris Snopes, who is called Sarty by his family, is a major character in William Faulkners Barn Burning. This young boy of about ten finds himself in the position of being expected to lie to protect his father from punishment for burning the neighbors barn. Sartys character in Barn Burning is a study of the physical and spiritual relationships between a father and son that are born out in the reality of truth versus lies as evidenced in Sartys Personal integrity. In Barn Burning Faulkner writes about the relationship between a father and his son in both the hereditary and the spiritual sense. Sarty early in the story respects his father because of his fathers service in the military and the clannish code found in southern families without regard to social status. The young boy was not really aware of his fathers good or bad qualities or of the complexities of his fathers behavior. He was aware that his father was facing a court. He was not yet openly aware of the way he really felt about his fathers activities and the fact that he might have to dispute his fathers word in effect overthrow customary behavior, hereditary codes, and family ties. Sarty felt an innate loyalty to the clan (family) and at the same time realizes that his father aims for him to lie and that he would have to do it to maintain the familial bond. Sarty had hoped that the series of family moves from farm to farm and new beginnings would change his father only to realize that the cycle would continue to repeat itself. His father relied on complicity of the entire Snopes clan for support and security. He depended on the clan for protection from society at large. In reality Sarty had a sense of right and wrong and having to lie for his father places him in great conflict. He was far too young to understand his father and the complexities ...

The Value Investing Approach ( Banjamin Graham ) Research Paper

The Value Investing Approach ( Banjamin Graham ) - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Benjamin Graham is believed to be the original intelligent investor. In his lifetime (1894 to 1976), he was able to enormously contribute to the main subject of investments and security analysis. His works vary from helping an individual perform his own portfolio management, searching for a timely company, purchasing of stocks, and investment of retirement savings at Wall Street. It is worth noting that Graham was always trying to purchase stocks that were been traded at a discount as compared to their net Current Asset Value. In simpler terms, he purchased stocks that were undervalued and he would hold them until they were fully valued. Graham was once known to have said that the determining characteristic of an investor will be his willingness to spare his time and care when selecting securities that are sound and can be seen to be attractive than the average. Nonetheless, an enterprising investor of his caliber could expect a worthw hile reward when it comes to his extra skills and efforts. This could take the form of a better average return as compared to the returns realized from a passive investor. The former world’s richest person (Warren Buffett) is one of the most known Graham’s disciples. Through Berkshire Hathaway, an investment vehicle that Buffet used for the last 40 years, he was able to make 22.2 percent annuals gains for all those years. This is one remarkable record. One may think that this form of percentage is small as compared to the 70 and 100 percent we witness on websites and newsletters. Fortunately, buffet was able to achieve his annual gain year after year, and what we see on the websites and newsletter is just the hype merchant’s use by the wayside. In the end, buffet still has the sovereignty as been the greatest investor of recent times (BuffetsSecrets, 2011). This paper will demonstrate what made Graham’s ideas stand out. It is not just the meager concept o f buying low and sell high. It was more of purchasing cheap assets and sell them later as expensive assets while at the same time looking for large gaps between the worthiness of stock’s and their price. Graham is known to have referred to this as the Margin of Safety (GrahamInvestor, 2012). This form of approach is known to have consumed plenty of time as it was an active investment. It should be known that it could not be done submissively until recently. In any given financial matters, the management of finances is something very important for the immediate and event the later future of an individual’s finances or that of an organization. This means that finance management can either be long term or even short term. In that case, the management of finance will basically involve the future planning of someone’s finances or even that of a business. This is usually done so that there can be a guarantee of smooth financial flow for the business or one’s af fairs. So as to be done in a much effective manner, it has always been necessary to have administration issues and maintenance of all possible financial goods and assets. Another important element of financial management is that it has to cover all the processes which are involved in the overall identification and management of risks. When it comes to the issues of financial management, there should be the element of assessment on the financial situations rather than involving the techniques which entail quantification of the finances. This gives the duty of a financial manager in ensuring that he or she looks keenly at all the available information and data in making useful judgments on the enterprise or business performance of enterprises. Management of finance should be applied as an interdisciplinary approach which has to effectively borrow from the areas of managerial aspects, accounting modalities, and with corporate financing. Graham’